Semantic Transformation of Units Formed by Prefixation In Uzbek And English
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55640/eijps-06-05-41Keywords:
Prefixation, semantic transformation, negationAbstract
The article compares the semantic transformations that a base undergoes when a prefix is attached to it in Uzbek and in English. Five types of transformation are distinguished: negation and privation, reversal, intensification and attenuation, spatial and temporal reorientation, and evaluative reinterpretation. Each type is examined in both languages, and the comparison shows that the inventory of transformations is largely shared while the means of expressing them differ systematically. English possesses a rich inherited and Latinate prefix system in which several formatives may compete for the same semantic slot, as with un-, in-, non- and dis-; Uzbek expresses the same meanings partly by the borrowed prefixes be-, no- and anti- and partly by the suffix -siz and by analytic constructions, so that prefixation and suffixation stand in complementary distribution. The article also examines lexicalisation, in which the meaning of a prefixal formation ceases to be derivable from its components, and shows that lexicalisation proceeds faster in the older Iranian layer of Uzbek prefixation than in the recent international layer.
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