European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies

Similarities and Differences Between Toponyms Formed with Colour Terms in English And Uzbek

2026-06-21T11:25:00+00:00

The present article provides a comparative linguocultural and structural-semantic analysis of English and Uzbek toponyms formed with colour terms. Geographical names constitute an important part of the lexical system of a language because they preserve information about the natural environment, settlement history, ethnic contacts, traditional worldview and cultural memory of a speech community. Colour-based toponyms are particularly significant because colour components may denote not only the visual appearance of a geographical object but also its size, location, physical characteristics, symbolic value or social importance. The study examines English toponyms containing the elements black, white, red, green, blue and yellow and Uzbek geographical names formed with qora, oq, qizil, ko‘k and sariq. The research applies descriptive, componential, etymological, comparative and linguocultural methods. The findings demonstrate that both languages employ colour terms as productive modifiers in compound geographical names and use them to describe soil, water, vegetation, relief and settlement characteristics. However,

A Clinical Evaluation Framework for Metabolic Equivalent (MET)-Guided Individualized Exercise Prescription in Optimizing Glycaemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2026-06-02T11:18:19+00:00

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by progressive insulin resistance and impaired glycaemic regulation, necessitating integrated pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. Among non-pharmacological strategies, structured physical activity remains a cornerstone; however, conventional exercise prescriptions often lack precision, personalization, and metabolic calibration. This study proposes a clinical evaluation framework based on Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET)-guided individualized exercise prescription to optimize glycaemic control in T2DM patients. The framework integrates physiological intensity quantification, patient-specific metabolic profiling, and adaptive exercise dosing to enhance glycaemic outcomes and reduce HbA1c variability.

The proposed model synthesizes evidence from clinical trials, systematic reviews, and digital health innovations to construct a structured, scalable, and clinically implementable approach. Prior research highlights the superiority of resistance-based and structured exercise interventions over generalized aerobic activity in improving glycaemic outcomes (Kobayashi et al., 2023). Additionally, advancements in digital monitoring, reinforcement learning systems, and wearable biosensing technologies support the feasibility of real-time metabolic optimization (Forman et al., 2019; Saab et al., 2024). Emerging bio-integrated sensing frameworks further reinforce the role of continuous metabolic feedback systems in personalized healthcare delivery (Kaushik et al., 2020).

The study emphasizes the integration of MET-based stratification with clinical decision support systems, enabling precision-guided exercise dosing tailored to individual metabolic responses. Findings suggest that structured MET-guided interventions may significantly improve glycaemic stability, enhance insulin sensitivity, and reduce long-term diabetes-related complications. However, challenges such as adherence variability, infrastructural limitations, and inter-individual metabolic heterogeneity remain critical barriers to implementation.

This framework contributes to the advancement of precision exercise medicine and provides a scalable model for integrating metabolic analytics into routine diabetes management.

Functional and Conceptual Categorization of Lexical and Stylistic Devices Used in Literary Discourse: A Study Based on English And Uzbek Languages

2026-06-11T04:06:41+00:00

This article investigates the functional and conceptual categorization of lexical and stylistic devices used in literary discourse on the material of English and Uzbek languages. The study is based on a comparative analysis of allegory, metaphor, simile, symbol, personification, phraseological units, and culturally marked lexical items in selected English and Uzbek literary texts. Special attention is paid to George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Muhammadsharif Gulkhaniy’s Zarbulmasal, and selected folk narratives, including “Ur to‘qmoq” and “A Good Story.” The research argues that lexical and stylistic devices in literary discourse are not merely decorative elements but cognitive, cultural, pragmatic, and evaluative mechanisms through which national worldviews are represented. The study applies descriptive, classificatory, comparative-contrastive, semantic-stylistic, contextual, and cognitive-metaphorical methods.

Analysis of The Assortment of Drugs Used in Stomatology

2026-06-11T03:57:57+00:00

The study examined the number of registrations and indicators of drugs used in dentistry registered in the State Register of Medicines, Medical Devices and Medical Equipment permitted for use in medical practice in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019-2025. Drugs used in dentistry imported from foreign countries mainly came from India, Poland, and Italy. Drugs used in dentistry from the CIS countries came from Armenia and Russia. During scientific research, it was found that drugs used in dentistry by local manufacturers were not registered in the State Register in 2022-2025. The renewal index of drugs used in local dentistry showed a maximum renewal index of 100% in 2022, and no new medicines were registered in the State Register in 2019-2020-2021-2023-2024. An analysis of the pharmaceuticals used in dentistry listed in the State Register was conducted by dosage forms for 2019-2025. The nomenclature of pharmaceuticals used in dentistry included in the State Register of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019-2025, an analysis of the assortment of pharmaceuticals used in dentistry by manufacturers of the Republic of Uzbekistan as of November 28, 2025 of the State Register, was conducted. The registration indicators of pharmaceuticals used in dentistry registered in the State Register for 2019-2025 were studied.

Analysis of The Efficiency of Energy-Efficient Natural Ventilation Systems in General Education School Buildings

2026-06-11T03:51:58+00:00

This article presents information on natural ventilation in general education school buildings. In addition, the article discusses international experience in improving the energy efficiency of school buildings through natural ventilation methods, as well as the regulatory requirements for the design of general education school buildings.

Thermal Engineering Justification for The Use of Basalt Thermal Insulation Materials in Roofing Systems of Buildings

2026-06-21T11:35:48+00:00

This article examines ways of improving the energy efficiency and operational reliability of roof structures through the use of basalt thermal insulation materials. An analysis of the technical guidelines for the design, installation and quality control of roofing systems has identified the key thermal engineering, moisture-related and structural parameters affecting the durability of roof coverings. A comprehensive approach is required, incorporating the calculation of heat transfer resistance, installation of a vapour barrier and ventilation gap, two-layer thermal insulation, as well as instrumental quality control.

Ways to Improve the Process of Young Educators’ adaptation To Professional Activity

2026-06-10T03:04:12+00:00

This article analyzes the process of professional adaptation of young preschool teachers who are beginning their careers in preschool educational institutions. During the study, the main methodological and psychological challenges faced by young specialists in their professional activities were identified. Based on a survey conducted among 150 young educators, it was found that while their ICT literacy levels are relatively high, they still require support in understanding regulatory documents and methodological guidance. As a result, an innovative model based on “Digital Mentoring” and “Case Study” training was proposed to improve professional adaptation.

The Effectiveness of Total Physical Response in Teaching English To Young Learners

2026-06-11T04:08:36+00:00

The growing demand for effective foreign language instruction in preschool and primary education has encouraged educators to explore innovative teaching methods that correspond to children’s cognitive and psychological characteristics. One of the most widely recognized approaches is Total Physical Response (TPR), developed by James Asher. This method integrates language learning with physical movement, allowing learners to acquire vocabulary and structures through actions rather than memorization. The present study examines the effectiveness of TPR in teaching English to young learners. The findings suggest that TPR enhances motivation, improves listening comprehension, reduces language anxiety, and facilitates vocabulary retention. The study also discusses the limitations of the method and proposes recommendations for its effective implementation in educational settings.

Determination of Storage Conditions and Shelf Life Of “Antidiargranat” Capsules

2026-06-11T04:00:34+00:00

The composition and technology of the “ANTIDIARGRANAT” antidiarrheal capsule-form BPA, obtained on the basis of a dry extract of the peel of a local pomegranate fruit, are proposed, and its quality and quantitative indicators are evaluated. This article presents the results of studies conducted to determine the shelf life and conditions of the “ANTIDIARGRANAT” antidiarrheal capsule-form BPA. In the experiments, the appearance of the capsule, average weight and deviation from it, disintegration, solubility, microbiological purity, and the amount of additives were determined, and the capsules were stored in natural conditions for 30 months at room temperature in packages made of materials permitted in medical practice, and the above-mentioned quality indicators of the capsules were studied. As a result of the experiments, all the capsules packaged in the packaging materials selected for testing showed positive results during the observation period. As a result of the experiments, the shelf life of the “ANTIDIARGRANAT” antidiarrheal drug in capsule form was determined to be 2 years.

The Value of Text-Based Parallel Corpus as A Material for Comparative, Contrastive, And Translation Studies

2026-06-11T03:55:53+00:00

A corpus is a collection of texts subjected to a search program for the purpose of identifying characteristics of language units, stored in electronic form in natural language, consisting of written or spoken materials placed on the basis of software with a computerized search system. Corpora are considered important sources for studying and analyzing the natural properties of language. They help to more deeply understand the vocabulary, grammar, phraseology, and semantics of a language. Corpora are crucial in linguistics, particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP), lexicography, grammatical analysis, and studying the historical development of language.

Lexical-Grammatical, Syntactic, And Pragmalinguistic Means of Expression in The Speech Genre Of “Invitation” (A Comparative Study of English And Uzbek)

2026-06-25T01:15:16+00:00

The present article examines the lexical-grammatical, syntactic, and pragmalinguistic means employed in the realization of the speech genre of invitation in English and Uzbek communicative cultures. Invitation is viewed as a multifunctional speech act that combines directive, commissive, and interpersonal functions. The study analyzes linguistic devices through which invitation meaning is encoded and interpreted in discourse. Particular attention is paid to performative verbs, modal constructions, interrogative and imperative structures, politeness markers, and contextual pragmatic mechanisms. The findings demonstrate that invitation strategies are realized through a complex interaction of lexical, grammatical, syntactic, and sociocultural factors. While English invitation discourse tends to prioritize optionality and individual autonomy, Uzbek invitations are characterized by hospitality-oriented expressions and solidarity-building mechanisms. The study contributes to the understanding of invitation as a speech genre and highlights the role of language-specific and culture-specific factors in shaping communicative behavior.

Retronymy As A Systemic Phenomenon in The Dynamic Evolution of Language

2026-06-11T03:48:07+00:00

This article investigates the phenomenon of retronymy in contemporary English and Uzbek from cognitive-linguistic and comparative-typological perspectives. The study provides a theoretical analysis of the mechanisms underlying retronym formation, their interrelationship with neologisms, and the influence of information and communication technologies, as well as social and cultural factors, on the lexical system of language. The syntactic, morphological, and discursive manifestations of retronyms are examined in detail. The findings demonstrate that retronymy constitutes a natural and systematic process of lexical development, reflecting the capacity of language to reconstruct its own categories in response to transformations in extralinguistic reality. It is established that retronyms in Uzbek are formed predominantly through free word combinations and relational affixes, distinguishing them typologically from their English counterparts. The study positions retronymy as a significant and promising field of inquiry situated at the intersection of lexicology, cognitive linguistics, and sociolinguistics.