Integrated Approaches to Indoor Air Quality Management and Smart Building Operations: Enhancing Health, Safety, and Industrial Efficiency

Abstract

Indoor air quality (IAQ) has emerged as a critical determinant of human health, well-being, and operational efficiency in both residential and commercial settings. Rising urbanization, industrial activities, and evolving building technologies have created complex interactions among pollutants, ventilation systems, and occupant behavior. This study synthesizes contemporary research on IAQ management, focusing on air pollution, mold proliferation, and the implementation of advanced Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems integrated with Industry 4.0 and Management 4.0 paradigms. The review explores how artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and dynamic maintenance frameworks can enhance fault detection, predictive maintenance, and energy optimization within building systems. Methodologically, this paper employs a comprehensive qualitative synthesis, drawing upon multidisciplinary sources including environmental health reports, public health data, industrial engineering analyses, and cybersecurity frameworks relevant to smart building operations. Findings indicate that optimized HVAC operations, informed by real-time monitoring and AI-driven diagnostics, can significantly mitigate pollutant accumulation, enhance occupant comfort, and reduce long-term operational costs. However, challenges remain in standardizing data integration, ensuring cybersecurity, and aligning system performance with diverse building designs. The discussion highlights the theoretical and practical implications of harmonizing human health considerations with industrial efficiency objectives. Recommendations are proposed for future research, emphasizing longitudinal studies on IAQ outcomes, cross-sectoral AI applications, and robust cybersecurity measures for smart building systems. The integration of environmental health principles with advanced industrial management strategies presents a pathway for sustainable, health-conscious, and technologically resilient indoor environments.