Bridge Deck Deterioration: Causes, Mechanisms, And Maintenance Strategies

Abstract

Bridge decks are among the most critical structural elements in bridge engineering, serving as the primary load-bearing surfaces that carry vehicular and environmental loads. However, they are also the most exposed components, subjected to weathering, traffic stress, de-icing chemicals, and mechanical wear. This paper examines the causes and mechanisms of bridge deck deterioration in both concrete and steel/composite bridge structures. The study analyses physical, chemical, and mechanical factors contributing to degradation, including corrosion of reinforcement, freeze–thaw cycles, fatigue cracking, and poor waterproofing. The paper also discusses modern diagnostic methods, maintenance technologies, and sustainable repair solutions that extend bridge service life. Findings highlight the importance of proactive inspection and the adoption of advanced materials to ensure long-term structural integrity and public safety.